Buyer Documentation

Before starting a property purchase, buyers must have a basic set of documents ready. These documents are not complex, but they are essential to ensure a smooth transaction.

Common buyer documents

• Valid passport or national ID.
• Administrative identification number, when required.
• Proof of source of funds, especially important for non-resident buyers.
• Bank documentation if the purchase involves financing.

Having this documentation prepared from the outset allows buyers to negotiate with confidence and significantly reduces delays once an agreement is reached.

Property Documentation

Property documentation is just as important as buyer documentation and is often where most delays occur if not reviewed properly.

Essential property documents

• Title deed confirming ownership.
• Land registry information verifying charges or encumbrances.
• Cadastral reference and property description.
• Energy efficiency certificate, legally required.
• Community documentation for apartments: bylaws, fees and financial status.

Reviewing these documents early helps identify legal limitations, outstanding charges or community issues before committing to the purchase.

Reservation and Deposit Contracts

Once the price has been agreed, a preliminary contract is usually signed. In Andorra, this is commonly a reservation agreement or a deposit (arras) contract.

At this stage, it is essential to understand:

• What exactly is being signed.
• The amount paid and under which conditions.
• The consequences if either party fails to comply.

A frequent mistake is assuming everything will be resolved at the notary stage. In reality, most legal obligations are established in these preliminary contracts.

Public Deed and Registration

Signing the public deed before a notary formalizes the transaction, but it does not end the process.

• The public deed of sale is signed.
• The final payment is completed.
• Ownership is legally transferred to the buyer.

After signing, the deed must be registered with the Property Registry. This step is essential to fully complete the transaction from a legal standpoint.

Realistic Purchase Timelines

While each transaction is unique, the following are realistic timelines for a standard purchase in Andorra:

• Search and negotiation: variable (weeks or months).
• Reservation or deposit: 1–2 weeks after agreement.
• Document preparation: 2–4 weeks.
• Notary signing: once all documents are ready.
• Registration: several weeks after signing.

Proper planning avoids unnecessary pressure and rushed decisions.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Negotiating without having buyer documentation ready.
• Signing preliminary contracts without full understanding.
• Underestimating administrative timelines.
• Assuming all issues will be solved at the notary.

Conclusion

Buying property in Andorra is not complex, but it does require organization, foresight and professional guidance. Understanding the required documents and realistic timelines allows buyers to proceed with confidence.